Every hadith in this lesson is authentic (ṣaḥīḥ) — all are from Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī and Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, with the hadith number beneath it. Qurʾān verses are in the Uthmānī script of the Muṣḥaf.

• TaharahالطهارةPurity — being clean in the way Allah wants, ready for worship.
• HadathالحدثA state that stops you from praying until you make wudu or ghusl.
• WuduالوضوءWashing the face, arms and feet, and wiping the head, in a set way.
• GhuslالغسلWashing the whole body with the intention of purity.
• JanabahالجنابةThe state that requires ghusl.
• TayammumالتيممUsing clean earth instead of water when water cannot be used.
• KhuffالخفA leather sock you may wipe over instead of washing the feet.
• HaydالحيضA woman’s monthly period.
• NifasالنفاسBleeding after giving birth.
• FardالفرضObligatory — without it the act is not valid.
• SunnahالسنةWhat the Prophet ﷺ did — rewarded, but the act is valid without it.
• MadhhabالمذهبA school of fiqh, like the Ḥanafī or Shāfiʿī school.

الحدث (ḥadath) is a state that a person is in — not dirt you can see. It stops you from praying until you remove it, and it is removed only by الوضوء (wuḍūʾ) or الغسل (ghusl). Perfume and clean clothes do not remove it.

Example: a spot of mud on your sleeve does not break your wuḍūʾ. And smelling clean after a shower does not by itself mean you have wuḍūʾ — that is a different question.

Careful: not everything that leaves the body has the same ruling. Maniyy requires ghusl, not just wuḍūʾ — this is explained in Part 5.

The scholars explain that this was a light sleep while sitting firmly, waiting for the prayer. So:

A man complained to the Prophet ﷺ that during prayer he sometimes imagines his wuḍūʾ has broken. He ﷺ said:

In practice: if you are sure you made wuḍūʾ and only wonder whether it broke, you still have wuḍūʾ.

Intention is required by the majority. Order and continuity are obligatory in some schools and Sunnah in others — so keep to all three.

This is the Prophet’s ﷺ wuḍūʾ as ʿUthmān ibn ʿAffān رضي الله عنه showed it — al-Bukhārī (159) and Muslim (226).

1. Intend, and say “Bismillāh”The intention is in the heart.
2. Wash both hands to the wrists — three times
3. Rinse the mouth and the nose — three timesDraw water into the nose, then blow it out. Gently if you are fasting.
4. Wash the face — three timesOnce covers the obligation; three times is the Sunnah.

1. Wash the right arm to the elbow, then the left — three times eachPush the sleeve back past the elbow.
2. Wipe the head once, then the earsWet hands from the front of the head to the back and return; then the ears.
3. Wash the right foot to the ankle, then the left — three times eachRun a finger between the toes.
4. End with the duʿāʾ«أَشْهَدُ أَنْ لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ، وَأَشْهَدُ أَنَّ مُحَمَّدًا عَبْدُهُ وَرَسُولُهُ»Muslim (234)

And the duʿāʾ after wuḍūʾ: the Prophet ﷺ said that whoever makes a complete wuḍūʾ and then says it, the eight gates of Paradise are opened for him, and he may enter by whichever he wishes — Muslim (234), from ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb رضي الله عنه.

Anything that forms a layer water cannot pass through must be removed before wuḍūʾ. This is called a حائل (barrier).

Three times is the Sunnah — not more. Washing more than three times, or wasting water, is disliked.

A خف (khuff) is a leather sock or boot that covers the ankle. Instead of washing the feet in wuḍūʾ, you may wipe once over the top of the khuffs with wet hands. This was reported from the Prophet ﷺ by a great number of Companions.

1. Put them on after a complete wuḍūʾBoth feet must already be washed when you put them on.
2. They must cover the anklesAnd you must be able to walk in them.
3. Only for wuḍūʾFor ghusl, the khuffs come off and the feet are washed.

When does the time start? According to most scholars, including the Ḥanafīs, it starts from the first time your wuḍūʾ breaks after putting them on — not from the moment you put them on.

Tip: a student who follows the Ḥanafī school and wants this ease at school can wear leather khuffs.

The scholars of fiqh distinguish three fluids. Only the first requires ghusl.

The lesson: feeling shy is natural and good. But ʿAlī رضي الله عنه did not let shyness stop him from learning his religion — he found a way to ask.

1. Discharge of maniyy with desireAsleep or awake. The most familiar case is a wet dream (الاحتلام): a normal sign of puberty (البلوغ), not a sin. It applies to boys and girls alike.
2. The end of menses الحيض
3. The end of post-natal bleeding النفاس
4. Marital relations الجماعFor married adults — listed so the list is complete.
5. DeathThe body of a Muslim is washed by the community.

Umm Sulaym رضي الله عنها came to the Prophet ﷺ and asked:

Notice: she began with “Allah is not shy of the truth.” Asking about the rulings of your religion is never something to be embarrassed about.

The ruling follows what you find — not what you remember.

If maniyy comes out without desire — because of illness, for example — most scholars say only wuḍūʾ is required. The Shāfiʿīs require ghusl in this case too.

1. Intend to remove the major ḥadath, and say “Bismillāh”
2. Wash the hands, and wash away any impurity on the body
3. Make a complete wuḍūʾThe feet may be left until the end.
4. Pour water over the head three timesRun the fingers through the hair so the water reaches the scalp.
5. Pour water over the whole body — the right side first, then the leftMake sure it reaches behind the ears, under the arms, the navel and every fold of skin.

ʿĀʾishah رضي الله عنها got her period on the way to Ḥajj and began to cry. The Prophet ﷺ comforted her:

So: menses is not a punishment and not a sign of weak faith. Following its rulings is itself obedience to Allah, and she is rewarded for it.

So: prayers missed during menses are not made up; Ramaḍān fasts missed are made up later.

Look at the last row of the table. Dhikr, duʿāʾ, istighfār and sending ṣalawāt on the Prophet ﷺ are allowed in every state. No one is ever cut off from remembering Allah.

Tayammum takes the place of both wuḍūʾ and ghusl when:

ʿAmmār ibn Yāsir رضي الله عنهما needed ghusl on a journey and found no water, so he rolled in the dust. The Prophet ﷺ taught him:

1. Intend tayammumThe same for minor and major ḥadath.
2. Strike clean earth with both palms
3. Wipe the face, then the handsBroken by whatever breaks wuḍūʾ — and by finding water.